Data encapsulation in C++.

Data encapsulation 

  • Data encapsulation is a mechanism for bundling the data, and the functions that use it and data abstraction are a mechanism for exposing only the interfaces and hiding user details about the implementation.
  • C++ data encapsulation is nothing more than a means of implementing data abstraction.
  • Encapsulation is the process by which data and functions within a class are combined. 
  • This is equivalent to a capsule where several drugs are stored inside the capsule, thus keeping them from being ingested directly from outside. 
  • By default, all the members of a class are private, thereby preventing access from outside the class.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class test
{
private:
int x;
public:
test(int a)
{
x =a;
}
int get()
{
return x;
}
};
int main()
{
test a(7);
cout<<"The Number is: "<<a.get();
return 0;
}

Expected Output:-

// C++ program to explain Encapsulation 
  
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>  
class Encapsulation 
    private: 
        // data hidden from outside world 
        int x;           
    public: 
        // function to set value of  
        // variable x 
        void set(int a) 
        { 
            x =a; 
        }          
        // function to return value of 
        // variable x 
        int get() 
        { 
            return x; 
        } 
};   
// main function 
int main() 
    Encapsulation obj;  
    obj.set(5);       
    cout<<obj.get(); 
    return 0; 

Expected Output:-
5

//Program to show Difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation in C++
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
  
class Summation { 
private: 
    // private variables 
    int a, b, c;  
public: 
    void sum(int x, int y) 
    { 
        a = x; 
        b = y; 
        c = a + b; 
        cout<<"Sum of the two number is : "<<c<<endl; 
    } 
}; 
int main() 
    Summation s; 
    s.sum(5, 4); 
    return 0; 
Expected Output:-
Sum of the two number is: 9 

//More example of Encapsulation in C++
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
  
class EncapsulationExample { 
private: 
    // we declare a as private to hide it from outside 
    int a;    
public: 
    // set() function to set the value of  a 
    void set(int x)  
    { 
        a = x; 
    }   
    // get() function to return the value of a 
    int get()  
    { 
        return a; 
    } 
};   
// main function 
int main()  
    EncapsulationExample e1; 
    e1.set(10);   
    cout<<e1.get(); 
    return 0; 
Expected Output:-

10

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