Hierarchical Inheritance in C++.

Hierarchical Inheritance in C++

• It is the process of deriving more than one class from a base class.
• Inheritance is the process by which objects of one class acquire the properties of another class. 
• By this we can add additional features to an existing class without modifying it.
• This is possible by deriving a new class from the existing one. 
• The new class will have combined features of both the classes.
• Hierarchical Inheritance can be understand by following Syntax.

class A  

{  

    // body of the class A.  

}    

class B : public A   

{  

    // body of class B.  

}  

class C : public A  

{  

    // body of class C.  

}   

class D : public A  

{  

    // body of class D.  

}   

//Program to implement Hierarchical Inheritance.

#include <iostream.h> 

#include <conio.h>

class A //single base class

{

    public:

  int x, y;

  void getdata()

  {

        cout << "\nEnter value of x and y:\n"; cin >> x >> y;

  }

};

class B : public A //B is derived from class base

{

    public:

  void product()

  {

      cout << "\nProduct= " << x * y;

  }

};

class C : public A //C is also derived from class base

{

    public:

  void sum()

  {

        cout << "\nSum= " << x + y;

  }

};

int main()

{

    B obj1;          //object of derived class B

    C obj2;          //object of derived class C

    obj1.getdata();

    obj1.product();

    obj2.getdata();

    obj2.sum();

    return 0;

}  

Expected Output:-

Enter value of x and y:

2

3

Product= 6

Enter value of x and y:

2

3

Sum= 5

//Let's see a simple example...

#include <iostream.h> 

#include <conio.h>

class Side

{

 protected:

 int l;

 public:

 void set_values (int x)

 { l=x;}

}; 

class Square: public Side

{

 public:

 int sq()

 { return (l*l); }

}; 

class Cube:public Side

{

 public:

 int cub()

 { return (l*l*l); }

}; 

int main ()

{

 Square s;

 s.set_values (10);

 cout << "The square value is=" << s.sq() << endl;

 Cube c;

 c.set_values (20);

 cout << "The cube value is=" << c.cub() << endl;

 return 0;

}

Expected Output:-

Total Objects: 1

The square value is= 100

The cube value is=8000

//Let's see a simple example...

#include <iostream.h> 

#include <conio.h> 

class Shape                 // Declaration of base class.  

{  

    public:  

    int a;  

    int b;  

    void get_data(int n,int m)  

    {  

        a= n;  

        b = m;  

    }  

};  

class Rectangle : public Shape  // inheriting Shape class  

{  

    public:  

    int rect_area()  

    {  

        int result = a*b;  

        return result;  

    }  

};  

class Triangle : public Shape    // inheriting Shape class  

{  

    public:  

    int triangle_area()  

    {  

        float result = 0.5*a*b;  

        return result;  

    }  

};  

int main()  

{  

    Rectangle r;  

    Triangle t;  

    int length,breadth,base,height;  

    std::cout << "Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle: " << std::endl;  

    cin>>length>>breadth;  

    r.get_data(length,breadth);  

    int m = r.rect_area();  

    std::cout << "Area of the rectangle is : " <<m<< std::endl;  

    std::cout << "Enter the base and height of the triangle: " << std::endl;  

    cin>>base>>height;  

    t.get_data(base,height);  

    float n = t.triangle_area();  

    std::cout <<"Area of the triangle is : "  << n<<std::endl;  

    return 0;  

}  

Expected Output:-

Enter the length and breadth of a rectangle:

23  

20  

Area of the rectangle is : 460          

Enter the base and height of the triangle:  

2   

5

Area of the triangle is : 5 

//Let's see a simple example...

   

#include <iostream.h> 

#include <conio.h>

  

//Base class 

class Parent 

{ 

    public: 

      int id_p; 

}; 

   

// Sub class inheriting from Base Class(Parent) 

class Child : public Parent 

{ 

    public: 

      int id_c; 

}; 

  

//main function 

int main()  

   { 

       

        Child obj1; 

           

        // An object of class child has all data members 

        // and member functions of class parent 

        obj1.id_c = 7; 

        obj1.id_p = 91; 

        cout << "Child id is " <<  obj1.id_c << endl; 

        cout << "Parent id is " <<  obj1.id_p << endl; 

          

        return 0; 

   }  

Expected Output:-

Child id is 7

Parent id is 91