Applied Physics-II Syllabus

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DETAILED CONTENTS

Applied Physics-II

1. Wave motion and its applications

  • Wave motion.
  • Transverse and longitudinal wave motion with examples.
  • Sound and light waves.
  • The relationship among wave velocity.
  • Frequency, and wavelength, and its application
  • Wave equation y = r sin wt, phase, phase difference, the principle of superposition of waves.
  • Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM): definition and characteristic.
  • The expression for displacement, velocity, acceleration, time period.
  • Frequency in S.H.M.
  • The energy of a body executing S. H. M.
  • Simple pendulum.
  • The concept of simple harmonic progressive wave.
  • Free, Damped, and forced oscillations.
  • Resonance with examples.
  • Q-factor.
  • Definition of the pitch.
  • Loudness.
  • Quality and intensity of sound waves.
  • Intensity level.
  • Echo and reverberation.
  • Sabine formula for reverberation time(without derivation).
  • Coefficient of absorption of sound.
  • Methods to control reverberation time and their applications.
  • The acoustics of building defects and remedies.
  • Ultrasonics –production, detection, properties, and applications in engineering and medical applications.
"The full chapter in Hindi"
"The full chapter in English"

2. Wave Optics

  • Dual nature of light.
  • The waves theory of light.
  • Laws of reflection and refraction.
  • Snell’s law.
  • Power of lens.
  • Magnification.
  • Two-Source Interference.
  • Double-Slitinterference.
  • Interference due to thin films.
  • Fresnel’s biprism.
  • Use of interference making a highly efficient solar panel.
  • Diffraction, Single Slit diffraction, Intensity calculation, etc.
  • Polarization of electromagnetic waves.
  • Polarizing sheets.
  • Polarizing by reflection (Brewster's law).
  • Malus law.
  • Use of polaroids.

3. Electrostatics

  • Concept of charge.
  • Coulomb's law.
  • Electric field of point charges.
  • Electric lines of force and their properties.
  • Electric flux.
  • Electric potential, and potential difference.
  • Gauss law of electrostatics.
  • Application of Gauss law to find electric field intensity of straight charged conductor.
  • Plane charged sheet and charged sphere.
  • Capacitor and its working principle.
  • Capacitance, and its units. 
  • The capacitance of parallel plate capacitor. 
  • Series and parallel combination of capacitors (numerical).
  • Charging, and discharging of a capacitor.
  • Dielectric and its effect on capacitance, dielectric break down.
  • Application of electrostatics in electrostatic precipitation of microbes and moisture separation from air and gases in the industry for pollution control (Brief explanation only).
"The full chapter in Hindi"
"The full chapter in English"

4. Current Electricity

  • Electric Current.
  • Resistance.
  • Specific Resistance.
  • Conductance.
  • Specific Conductance.
  • Series, and Parallel combination of Resistances. 
  • Factors affecting Resistance.
  • Colour coding of carbon Resistances.
  • Ohm’s law. 
  • Superconductivity.
  • Kirchhoff’s laws.
  • Wheatstone bridge and its applications (meter bridge and slide wire bridge).
  • Concept of terminal potential difference and Electromotive force (EMF).
  • Potentiometer.
  • Heating effect of current.
  • Electric power.
  • Electric energy and its units (related numerical problems).
  • Advantages of Electric Energy over other forms of energy.
  • Examples of application of DC circuits in various electrical and electronic equipment such as C.R.O, T.V., Audio-Video System, Computers, etc.

5. Magneto Statics and Electromagnetism

  • Magnetic poles.
  • Force on a moving charge.
  • Circulating charges.
  • Force on a current-carrying wire.
  • Hall effect.
  • Torque on a current loop.
  • Magnetic field due to moving charge(Biot-Savart Law), due to current (BiotSavart Law).
  • Parallel currents.
  • The field of a solenoid.
  • Ampere’s law.
  • Faraday’s law.
  • Lenz’s law.
  • Motional emf, induced electric fields.
  • Magnetic dipole and force on a magnetic dipole in a non-uniform field, Magnetization.
  • Gauss’ law for magnetism.
  • Types of magnetic materials. 
  • Dia, para, and ferromagnetic materials with their properties.
  • Application of electromagnetism in ac/dc motors and generators.
"The full chapter in Hindi"
"The full chapter in English"

6. Semiconductor physics

  • Types of materials (insulator, semiconductor, conductor).
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
  • p-n junction diode, and its V-I characteristics.
  • Diode as a rectifier – half wave and full wave rectifier (center tapped).
  • Semiconductor transistor.
  • PNP and NPN (concepts only)
  • Application of semiconductor diodes (Zener, LED) and that of transistor as amplifier and oscillator.
"The full chapter in Hindi"
"The full chapter in English"

7. Modern Physics

  • Lasers.
  • The concept of energy levels.
  • Ionization, and excitation potentials.
  • Spontaneous and stimulated emission.
  • Laser and its characteristics.
  • Population inversion.
  • Types of lasers.
  • Ruby and He-Ne lasers.
  • Engineering and medical applications of lasers.
  • Fiber optics 
  • Total internal reflection and its applications.
  • Critical angle and conditions for total internal reflection.
  • Introduction to optical fibers.
  • Light propagation, types, acceptance angle, and numerical aperture.
  • Types and applications of optical fiber in communication.
  • Introduction to nanotechnology.
  • Nanoparticles, and nanomaterials.
"The full chapter in Hindi"
"The full chapter in English"

LIST OF PRACTICALS

1. To determine the velocity of sound with the help of a resonance tube.

2. To find the focal length of a convex lens by displacement method.

3. To find the refractive index of the material of a given prism using a spectrometer.

4. To find the wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel’s biprism.

5. To verify laws of resistances in series and parallel combination

6. To verify ohm’s laws by drawing a graph between voltage and current.

7. To measure very low resistance and very high resistances using Slide Wire bridge

8. Conversion of Galvanometer into an Ammeter and Voltmeter of given range.

9. To draw the hysteresis curve of a ferromagnetic material.

10. To draw characteristics of a PN junction diode and determine knee and break

down voltages.

11. To find the wavelength of the laser beam.

12. To find the numerical aperture of an optical fiber.

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