History of C Language
- History of C language is interesting to know. Here we are going to discuss brief history of c language.
- C programming language was developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at bell laboratories of AT&T (American Telephone & Telegraph), located in U.S.A.
- Dennis Ritchie is known as the founder of c language.
- It was developed to overcome the problems of previous languages such as B, BCPL etc.
- Initially, C language was developed to be used in UNIX operating system. It inherits many features of previous languages such as B and BCPL.
- Let's see the programming languages that were developed before C language.
C programming language standards:
- C89/C90 standard – In 1989, the American National Standards Institute created the first uniform specification for C language.
- C89 and C90 standards refer to the same programming language.
- C99 standard – The next version, which introduced new features such as advanced data types and other improvements, was released in 1999.
C11 and Embedded C language:
- C11 specification adds new features to C programming language and library such as generic form macros, anonymous structures, enhanced Unicode support, atomic operations, multi-threading and boundary checking functions.It also makes some portions of the existing C99 library optional and improves compatibility with C++.
- Embedded C provides features which are not available in C such as fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces and simple hardware I / O addressing.
- C compiler, operating systems and all UNIX computer programs are written in C language
- It is also called programming language driven to procedure. The C language is accurate, straightforward and easy to use. In assembly language C was coded.
Features of C programming language:
- Reliability
- Portability
- Flexibility
- Interactivity
- Modularity
- Efficiency and Effectiveness
Uses of C programming language:
- Database systems
- Graphics packages
- Word processors
- Spreadsheets
- Operating system development
- Compilers and Assemblers
- Network drivers
- Interpreters
Which level is C language belonging to?
S.no
|
High Level
|
Middle Level
|
Low Level
|
1
|
High-level languages include virtually everything the programmer might need to do as already integrated into the language
|
Middle-level languages do not provide all the built-in functions found in high-level languages, but they do provide all the building blocks we need to produce the results we want
|
Low-level languages provide nothing but access to the basic instructions set for the machines
|
2
|
Examples:
Java, Python |
C, C++
|
Assembler
|
The C language is a structured
language
S.no
|
Structure oriented
|
Object oriented
|
Non structure
|
1
|
In this type of
language, large programs are divided into small programs called functions
|
In this type of
language, programs are divided into objects
|
There is no specific
structure for programming this language
|
2
|
Prime focus is on
functions and procedures that operate on the data
|
Prime focus is in the
data that is being operated and not on the functions or procedures
|
N/A
|
3
|
Data moves freely
around the systems from one function to another
|
Data is hidden and
cannot be accessed by external functions
|
N/A
|
4
|
Program structure
follows “Top Down Approach”
|
Program structure
follows “Bottom UP Approach”
|
N/A
|
5
|
Examples:
C, Pascal, ALGOL
and Modula-2
|
C++, JAVA and C# (C
sharp)
|
BASIC, COBOL, FORTRAN
|
Key points to remember in C language:
- The C language is a structured programming language of middle level developed by Dennis Ritchie
- Operating system programs like Windows, Unix, Linux in C language.
- C89/C90 and C99 are two standardized versions of C language C in assembly language
