Data encapsulation in C++.

Data encapsulation 

• Data encapsulation is a mechanism for bundling the data, and the functions that use it and data abstraction are a mechanism for exposing only the interfaces and hiding user details about the implementation.
• C++ data encapsulation is nothing more than a means of implementing data abstraction.
• Encapsulation is the process by which data and functions within a class are combined. 
• This is equivalent to a capsule where several drugs are stored inside the capsule, thus keeping them from being ingested directly from outside. 
• By default, all the members of a class are private, thereby preventing access from outside the class.

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class test
{
private:
int x;
public:
test(int a)
{
x =a;
}
int get()
{
return x;
}
};
int main()
{
test a(7);
cout<<"The Number is: "<<a.get();
return 0;
}

Expected Output:-

// C++ program to explain Encapsulation 

  

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>  

class Encapsulation 

{ 

    private: 

        // data hidden from outside world 

        int x;           

    public: 

        // function to set value of  

        // variable x 

        void set(int a) 

        { 

            x =a; 

        }          

        // function to return value of 

        // variable x 

        int get() 

        { 

            return x; 

        } 

};   

// main function 

int main() 

{ 

    Encapsulation obj;  

    obj.set(5);       

    cout<<obj.get(); 

    return 0; 

} 

Expected Output:-

5

//Program to show Difference between Abstraction and Encapsulation in C++

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

  

class Summation { 

private: 

    // private variables 

    int a, b, c;  

public: 

    void sum(int x, int y) 

    { 

        a = x; 

        b = y; 

        c = a + b; 

        cout<<"Sum of the two number is : "<<c<<endl; 

    } 

}; 

int main() 

{ 

    Summation s; 

    s.sum(5, 4); 

    return 0; 

} 

Expected Output:-

Sum of the two number is: 9 

//More example of Encapsulation in C++
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>

  

class EncapsulationExample { 

private: 

    // we declare a as private to hide it from outside 

    int a;    

public: 

    // set() function to set the value of  a 

    void set(int x)  

    { 

        a = x; 

    }   

    // get() function to return the value of a 

    int get()  

    { 

        return a; 

    } 

};   

// main function 

int main()  

{ 

    EncapsulationExample e1; 

    e1.set(10);   

    cout<<e1.get(); 

    return 0; 

} 

Expected Output:-

10